1-norm 179
absolute value 19, 45, 70, 181
abstract indexing 26
accessing underlying data 23, 24
ActiveSetLineSearchSQP 274
ActiveSetLineSearchSQP.Options 275
ActiveSetQPSolver 277
adjacency matrix 199
ADO.NET 229
ADO.NET objects
converting to data frames 14
creating from data frames 46
alpha levels 91
ALS 194
Alternating Least Squares (ALS) 194
analysis of variance (ANOVA) 137
Anderson-Darling test 159
annealing 253
annealing history 257
annealing schedules 253
custom 255
linear 254
annealing temperature 253
AnnealingHistory 258
AnnealingHistory.Step 258
AnnealingMinimizer 253, 256, 257
AnnealingScheduleBase 254
ANOVA 137
ANOVA regression parameters 148
AnovaRegressionFactorParam 150
AnovaRegressionInteractionParam 150
AnovaRegressionParameter 150
appending to a vector 38
applying functions 46, 71, 182, 10
argument of a complex number 19
arithmetic mean 56
arithmetic operators 176, 187, 193
arrays, converting to 24
ASP.NET web applications 8
Assemblies 2
asymptotic function 301
autocorrelation 61
balancing 232
banded matrices 162
Bessel functions 153
beta distribution 69
binary nonlinear programming 262, 271
binomial distribution 70
block-splitting 96
Boole's rule 126
boolean columns 4
BoundedMultiVariableFunctionFitter 305
BoundedOneVariableFunctionFitter 297
Box-Cox power transformations 89
bracketing minima 241
Brent's Method 242
BrentMinimizer 242
Bunch-Kaufman factorization 197
calculus 121
categorical vectors 34
CDF 68
cell means 148
CenterSpace.NMath.Stats namespace 2
central moments 60
central tendency 56
centroid linkage 184
chi-square distribution 71
Cholesky
least squares 205
Cholesky factorization 197
choose function 65
city-block (Manhattan) distance 181
clamped cubic spline 138
clearing
matrices 58
vectors 37
CLRConfigFile 11
cluster analysis 180
clustering 196
coefficient of determination 285, 305, 215
column sums 70
columns
accessing 7
adding data 6
creating 4
exporting to a string 12
exporting to a vector 12
exporting to an array 12
properties 7
removing data 6
reordering 8
combinatorial functions 65
Common Language Specification 1
complete linkage 183
complete orthogonal decomposition 114
complex argument 182
complex conjugate 182
complex numbers 15
absolute value function 19
accessing values 17
argument function 19
conjugate function 19
creating 15
creating from polar coordinates 16
creating from strings 16
modifying 17
norm function 19
trigonometric functions 20
component matrices 77
compressed row format 189
confidence interval 220
conjugate gradient method 249
conjugate of a complex number 19
ConjugateGradientMinimizer 249
consensus matrix 200
constrained least squares 280
ConstraintType 262
contingency table 109
convergence check period 197
cophenetic distance 188
copying vectors 34
CORegressionCalculation 114
correlated random inputs 85
correlation 61
counts 53
covariance 60
covariance matrix 61
Cox and Snell pseudo R-squared statistic 135
creating matrices 167
Cronbach's alpha 61
cross product 42
cross validation 210
cross-tabulation 40
cubic spline interpolation 138
cumulative distribution function 68
CustomAnnealingSchedule 255
data block classes 23
data blocks 23
properties 24
data frames
adding columns 16
adding rows 18
column properties 7
column types 4
creating 12
exporting to a matrix 44
exporting to a string 45
exporting to ADO.NET 46
permuting rows and columns 33
properties 21
removing columns 16
removing rows 18
sorting 32
database integration 229
DataFrame 3–??
DataTables 229
data-view pattern 23
datetime columns 4
DBrentMinimizer 244
deciles 54
decimal types 51
decomposition servers 217, 218
decompositions 217
deployment 11
descriptive statistics 49
design variables 130
DFBoolColumn 4
DFColumn 4
DFDateTimeColumn 4
DFGenericColumn 4
DFIntColumn 4
DFNumericColumn 4
DFStringColumn 4
diagonally-scaled gradient descent 196
differential equations 321
differentiating polynomials 136
digamma function 154
DIgital Smoothing POlynomial 142
discrete wavelet transform 111
DISPO 142
Distance 180
distance functions 180
Distance.Function 180
distribution classes 67
Dormand-Prince method 324
dot product 42
DoubleBandFact 197
DoubleBandMatrix 163
DoubleBisquareWeightingFunction 215
DoubleCholeskyLeastSq 206
DoubleComplex 15
DoubleComplexBandFact 197
DoubleComplexBandMatrix 163
DoubleComplexCholeskyLeastSq 206
DoubleComplexDataBlock 23
DoubleComplexEigDecomp 228
DoubleComplexEigDecompServer 228
DoubleComplexLeastSquares 84
DoubleComplexLowerTriMatrix 160
DoubleComplexLUFact 75
DoubleComplexMatrix 49
DoubleComplexQRDecomp 217
DoubleComplexQRDecompServer 218
DoubleComplexQRLeastSq 207
DoubleComplexSVDecomp 222
DoubleComplexSVDecompServer 222
DoubleComplexSVDLeastSq 207
DoubleComplexTriDiagFact 197
DoubleComplexTriDiagMatrix 164
DoubleComplexUpperTriMatrix 161
DoubleComplexVector 29
DoubleCOWeightedLeastSq 209
DoubleDataBlock 23
DoubleDWT 113
DoubleEigDecomp 228
DoubleEigDecompServer 228
DoubleFairWeightingFunction 216
DoubleFunctional 265
DoubleFunctionalDelegate 265
DoubleHermitianBandMatrix 166
DoubleHermitianEigDecomp 228
DoubleHermitianEigDecompServer 228
DoubleHermitianFact 197
DoubleHermitianMatrix 162
DoubleHermitianPDBandFact 197
DoubleHermitianPDFact 197
DoubleHermPDTriDiagFact 197
DoubleIterativelyReweightedLeastSq 212
DoubleLeastSquares 83
DoubleLeastSqWeightingFunction 215
DoubleLowerTriMatrix 160
DoubleLUFact 75
DoubleMatrix 49
DoubleMultiVariableFunction 288
DoubleNonnegativeLeastSquares 84, 86
DoubleParameterizedDelegate 298
DoubleParameterizedFunction 298
DoubleParameterizedFunctional 306
DoubleQRDecomp 217
DoubleQRDecompServer 218
DoubleQRLeastSq 207
DoubleRandomBetaDistribution 92
DoubleRandomCauchyDistribution 92
DoubleRandomExponentialDistribution 93
DoubleRandomGammaDistribution 93
DoubleRandomGaussianDistribution 93
DoubleRandomGumbelDistribution 93
DoubleRandomLaplaceDistribution 93
DoubleRandomLogNormalDistribution 93
DoubleRandomRayleighDistribution 93
DoubleRandomUniformDistribution 93
DoubleRandomWeibullDistribution 93
DoubleSVDecomp 222
DoubleSVDecompServer 222
DoubleSVDLeastSq 207
DoubleSymBandMatrix 165
DoubleSymEigDecomp 228
DoubleSymEigDecompServer 228
DoubleSymFact 197
DoubleSymmetricMatrix 162
DoubleSymPDBandFact 197
DoubleSymPDFact 197
DoubleSymPDTriDiagFact 197
DoubleTriDiagFact 197
DoubleTriDiagMatrix 164
DoubleUpperTriMatrix 161
DoubleVector 29
DoubleVectorParameterizedDelegate 306
DoubleWavelet 111
downhill simplex method 247
DownhillSimplexMinimizer 247
DualSimplexSolverParams 263
dummy variable regression parameters in ANOVA 150
dummy variables 130
Durbin-Watson statistic 61
DWT 111
effective rank 85
effects encoding 149
eigenvalue classes 227
eigenvalue tolerance 232
eigenvectors 227
elliptic functions 154
elliptic integrals 154
encapsulating functions 121
equality operators 176, 187, 193
error tolerance 241
Euclidean distance 181
Euler gamma 154
Euler-Macheroni constant 154
evaluating polynomials 134
exception classes 233
exponential distribution 72
exponential function 301
exponential integral 154
ExponentialDistribution 67, 72
exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) 142, 143
F distribution 73
F test 106
Factor analysis 174
factor extraction 174
factor rotation 174
factor score 205
factor score coefficients 179
factor scores 179
factorization classes 194, 197
factors 34
accessing 36
creating 34
grouping by 36
properties 36
Fast Fourier Transforms 99
FFTKernelException 233
finding roots 313
FirstOrderInitialValueProblem 321
Fisher transformation 61
Fisher's Exact Test 110
FloatBandFact 197
FloatBandMatrix 163
FloatCholeskyLeastSq 206
FloatComplex 15
FloatComplexBandFact 197
FloatComplexBandMatrix 163
FloatComplexCholeskyLeastSq 206
FloatComplexDataBlock 23
FloatComplexEigDecomp 228
FloatComplexEigDecompServer 228
FloatComplexLeastSquares 84
FloatComplexLowerTriMatrix 160
FloatComplexLUFact 75
FloatComplexQRDecomp 217
FloatComplexQRDecompServer 218
FloatComplexQRLeastSq 207
FloatComplexSVDecomp 222
FloatComplexSVDecompServer 222
FloatComplexSVDLeastSq 207
FloatComplexTriDiagFact 197
FloatComplexTriDiagMatrix 164
FloatComplexUpperTriMatrix 161
FloatComplexVector 29
FloatDataBlock 23
FloatDWT 113
FloatEigDecomp 228
FloatEigDecompServer 228
FloatHermitianBandMatrix 166
FloatHermitianEigDecomp 228
FloatHermitianEigDecompServer 228
FloatHermitianFact 197
FloatHermitianMatrix 162
FloatHermitianPDBandFact 197
FloatHermitianPDFact 197
FloatHermPDTriDiagFact 197
FloatLeastSquares 83
FloatLowerTriMatrix 160
FloatLUFact 75
FloatMatrix 49
FloatNonnegativeLeastSquares 84, 86
FloatQRDecomp 217
FloatQRDecompServer 218
FloatQRLeastSq 207
FloatRandomBetaDistribution 92
FloatRandomExponentialDistribution 93
FloatRandomGammaDistribution 93
FloatRandomGaussianDistribution 93
FloatRandomGumbelDistribution 93
FloatRandomLaplaceDistribution 93
FloatRandomLogNormalDistribution 93
FloatRandomRayleighDistribution 93
FloatRandomUniformDistribution 93
FloatRandomWeibullDistribution 93
FloatSVDecomp 222
FloatSVDecompServer 222
FloatSVDLeastSq 207
FloatSymBandMatrix 165
FloatSymEigDecomp 228
FloatSymEigDecompServer 228
FloatSymFact 197
FloatSymmetricMatrix 162
FloatSymPDBandFact 197
FloatSymPDFact 197
FloatSymPDTriDiagFact 197
FloatTriDiagFact 197
FloatTriDiagMatrix 164
FloatUpperTriMatrix 161
FloatVector 29
FloatWavelet 111
Frobenius matrix norm 193
Frobenius norm 64
function encapsulation 121
function interpolation 137
functions of one variable 121
FZero 314
fzero 314
G statistic 132
GAC 3
gamma distribution 73
gaussian distribution 80
Gauss-Kronrod integration 124, 128
GaussKronrodIntegrator 125, 129, 130, 317
gcAllowVeryLargeObjects 10
GDCLS 195
general sparse matrix 185, 189
general sparse matrix factorizations 194
generalized multivariable functions 305
generalized one variable functions 297
generating random numbers 89
generic columns 4
generic functions 46, 71, 182, 10
geometric distribution 75
geometric mean 57
global assembly cache 3
global minimum 253
golden section search 242
GoldenMinimizer 242
goodness of fit 285, 305, 131, 215
GoodnessOfFit 215
GoodnessOfFitParameter 215, 217
Gradient Descent - Constrained Least Squares (GDCLS) 195
half bandwidth 165, 166, 169, 173
harmonic mean 57
harmonic number 155
Hermitian banded matrices 166
Hermitian matrices 162
high-pass decimation filter 112
high-pass reconstruction filter 112
Histogram 117
histograms
adding data 118
creating 117
displaying 120
stem-leaf diagrams 120
hold out method 209
Hosmer Lemeshow statistic 132
hypergeometric functions 155
hypothesis tests 91
creating 92
HypothesisType 91
IBoundedNonlinearLeastSqMinimizer 287, 290, 291
IDFColumn 4
IDifferentiator 131
IDoubleLeastSqWeightingFunction 215
ILogisticRegressionCalc 127
implicit conversion 172
matrices 55
vectors 34
IMultiVariableDMinimizer 247, 249
IMultiVariableMinimizer 247, 256
incomplete beta 66
incomplete beta function 155
incomplete gamma 65
incomplete gamma integral 155
independent streams 96
indexing objects 25
IndexOutOfRangeException 233
inner product 42
inner product of matrices 178
INonlinearLeastSqMinimizer 287, 291, 296
InputVariableCorrelator 85
integer columns 4
integer nonlinear programming 262, 271
integration 124
integration of polynomials 136
Intel Math Kernel Library 2
intercept parameter 83, 84, 113
intercept parameters 115
InteriorPointQPSolver 277, 278
internally studentized residuals 116
interpolation 137
IntRandomBernoulliDistribution 93
IntRandomBinomialDistribution 93
IntRandomGeometricDistribution 93
IntRandomHypergeometricDistribution 93
IntRandomNegativeBinomialDistribution 93
IntRandomPoissonDistribution 93
IntRandomPoissonVaryingMeanDistribution 94
IntRandomUniformBitsDistribution 94
IntRandomUniformDistribution 94
InvalidArgumentException 233
InvalidBinBdryException 233
inverse CDF 68
inverse cumulative distribution function 68
inverse Fisher transformation 61
IOneVariableDMinimizer 241, 244
IOneVariableDRootFinder 313, 315
IOneVariableMinimizer 241, 242
IOneVariableRootFinder 313
IRandomNumberDistribution 87
IRandomVariableMoments 68
IRegressionCalculation 114
ISerializable interface 47, 223
Iterative Power Method 207
iteratively reweighted least squares 212
jackknife estimates 210
jackknifing 210
Johnson system of distributions 75
JohnsonDistribution 75
KernelLoadException 233
k-fold cross validation 210
Kolmogorov-Smirnov test 159, 161
Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test 159, 163
large objects 9
leapfrog method 96
LeapfrogRandomStreams 96
least squares
Cholesky 205
QR decomposition 206
solving 208
SVD 206
least squares minimization 114
least squares solutions 83, 205
left singular vectors 222
Levenberg-Marquardt method 235, 287, 295
LevenbergMarquardtMinimizer 291, 295
libiomp.dll 6
license key 3
likelihood function 135
linear bound constraints 293
linear interpolation 138
linear programming 261
linear regressions 113
creating 113
modifying 118
results 115
significance of parameters 123
significance of the overall model 125
linear spline interpolation 138
LinearAnnealingSchedule 254
LinearConstraint 267
LinearContraint 262
LinearProgrammingProblem 261
LinearRegression 113
LinearRegressionAnova 125
LinearRegressionParameter 123, 124, 150
Linkage 182
linkage functions 182
linkage tree 186
Linkage.Function 182
loading matrix 172
local minima 253
log binomial 65
log factorial 65
log file 5
log gamma 65
logistic function 301
logistic regression 127
LogisticDistribution 67, 77, 78
LogisticRegression 127
LogisticRegressionFitAnalysis 131
log-normal distribution 78
lower triangular matrices 159
lower triangular matrix 75, 77
low-pass decimation filter 112
low-pass reconstruction filter 112
LP problems 261
LU factorization 75, 121, 141, 153, 197
manipulating functions 238
matrices
arithmetic operations 59, 176, 187, 193
clearing 58
converting to data frames 14
copying 55
creating from ADO.NET objects 54, 230
creating from data frames 44
creating from numeric values 50
creating from strings 52
equality testing 59, 176, 187, 193
implicit conversion 55
modifying values 57, 174, 187, 192
properties 56
matrix
decompositions 217
functions 167
norms 179
properties 173
shape parameters 168
types 159
matrix classes 49
matrix indexers 49
matrix norm 63
matrix transposition 63
matrix views 56
MatrixFunctions 167
MatrixNotSquareException 233
maximum (Chebychev) distance 181
maximum iterations 241
mean deviation 59
mean of the ranges method 219
median deviation from mean 59
median linkage 184
Mersenne Twister algorithm 88
Microsoft Solver Foundation 3
min/max functions 54
MismatchedSizeException 233
MixedIntegerLinearProgrammingProblem 261, 262
MixedIntegerNonlinearProgrammingProblem 268
MKL 2
mode 56
Modified Bessel functions 153
moving average 142
MovingWindowFilter 141
multiple linear regression 113
multiplicative update rule 195
MultiVariableFunction 237, 247, 249, 256
MultiVariableFunctionFitter 305
multivariate functions 237
multivariate techniques 171
Nagelkerke pseudo R-squared statistic 135
namespaces 2
NaN values 51
natural cubic spline 138
negative binomial distribution 79
NegativeBinomialDistribution 68, 79
Newton-Cotes formulas 126
NewtonRalphsonRootFinder 315
Newton-Raphson Method 315
NewtonRaphsonParameterCalc 127
NiederreiterQuasiRandomGenerator 98
NIPALS 208
NMath.dll 2
NMathConfiguration 4
NMathException 233
NMathFormatException 234
NMathKernelx64.dll 2
NMathKernelx86.dll 2
NMF 193
Nonlinear Iterative PArtial Least Squares (NIPALS) 208
nonlinear least squares 287
Nonlinear Programming (NLP) 265, 268
NonlinearConstraint 267
NonlinearProgrammingProblem 268
nonnegative least squares 83, 84
nonnegative least squares solutions 86
nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) 193, 196
Non-parametric tests 159
norm of a complex number 19
normal distribution 80
norms 179
Not-A-Number values 51
numeric columns 4
numerical integration 124
numerical rank 209
objective function 261
odds ratio 135
OMP threading library 6
one-norm 63
OneSampleAndersonDarlingTest 159
OneSampleKSTest 159
OneSampleTTest 98
OneSampleZTest 96
OneVariableFunctionFitter 297
one-way ANOVA 137
accessing the ANOVA table 139, 166
one-way RANOVA 141
accessing the RANOVA table 143
OneWayAnova 137
OneWayRanova 141
OneWayRanovaTable 143
ordinary differential equations 321
outer product 42
parabolic interpolation 242
Partial Least Squares 205
Partial least squares Discriminant Analysis 211
parts per million defective 221
PDF 68
PeakFinderSavitzkyGolay 141, 147
Pearson chi-square statistic 132
Pearson correlation 61
Pearson's chi-square test 108
PearsonsChiSquareTest 108
percent defective 221
percentiles 54
permuting columns 8
permuting data frames 33
phase 182
pivot indices 77
PLS-DA 211
pointers to underlying data 23, 24
poisson distribution 80
polylogarithm 155
PolynomialLeastSquares 285, 286
polynomials 133
Position enumeration 26
positive definite matrices 195, 198
Powell's Method 248
PowellMinimizer 248
power distance 181
predicted values 85
predictor matrix 118
PrimalSimplexSolverParam 263
principal component analysis 171
probability density function 68
probability distributions 67
ProbabilityDistribution 68
process capability index 220
process performance 220
ProcessCapability 219
ProcessPerformance 220
product
features 1
overview 1
product of matrices 64
pseudo R-squared 135
pseudoinverse 66
classes 217
least squares 206
servers 218
QRRegressionCalculation 114
quadratic mean 58
Quadratic Programming (QP) 265, 275
QuadraticProgrammingProblem 276
quadrature 124
quartiles 54
quasi-Newton method 249
quasirandom numbers 98
RandGenBeta 87
RandGenBinomial 87
RandGenExponential 87
RandGenGamma 87
RandGenGeometric 87
RandGenJohnson 88
RandGenLogNormal 88
RandGenMTwist 88
RandGenNormal 88
RandGenPareto 88
RandGenPoisson 88
RandGenUniform 87
RandGenWeibull 88
random number generators 87, 99, 111
scalar 87
vectorized 92
random samples 30
random seeds 91
RandomNumbers 95
Range 25
rank 209
ranks 54
ReducedVarianceInputCorrelator 85
regression calculators 114
regression matrix 118
regularization 195
reordering columns 8
reordering data frames 33
replicating a matrix 52
RepMat() functions 52
residual standard error 285, 305, 215
residual sum of squares 85
residual vector 205
resizing
matrices 58
vectors 37
resizing matrices 175
reversing a vector 46
Ridders' Method 314
RiddersDifferentiator 131
RiddersRootFinder 314
Riemann zeta function 155
right singular vectors 222
RMS 58
Romberg integration 124
RombergIntegrator 125, 126, 317
root mean square 58
RootFinderBase 313
root-finding 313
modifying 20
Rule-based peak finding 149
Runge-Kutta method 321
RungeKutta45OdeSolver 324
RungeKutta5OdeSolver 324
sampling 30
Savitzky-Golay 142
secant method 313
SecantRootFinder 313
seeds for random number generators 91
SequentialQuadraticProgrammingSolver 274
ShapiroWilkTest 159
signal processing 141
SIMPLS 208
Simpson's rule 126
simulated annealing 253
sine function 301
single linkage 183
singular value decomposition 217, 222, 114
classes 222
servers 222
singular values 222
singular vectors 222
SingularMatrixException 234
skip-ahead 96
SkipAheadRandomStreams 96
Slice 25
smooth splines 139
SmoothCubicSpline 139
SobolQuasiRandomGenerator 98
solutions of linear systems 75, 121, 141, 153, 185, 194, 197
solver parameters 263
solving for right-hand sides 77, 200
sparse vector 185
SparseMatrixBuilder 191
sparsity 195
Spearman's rank correlation coefficient 159
spline interpolation 138
spread 58
squared Euclidean distance 181
SSE 58
standard deviation 58
standardized residuals 116
statistical functions 49
data types 49
missing values 51
statistical process control 219
StatsFunctions 49–??
StatsSettings 9
stiff differential equations 321
stiff equations 327
Stochastic Hill Climbing algorithm 272
StochasticHillClimbingSolver 272
stopping adjacency 197
Straightforward IMplementation of PLS (SIMPLS) 208
string columns 4
structured sparse matrices 159
Student's t distribution 81
studentized residuals 116
subject means 144
Subset 25
subsets 25
accessing elements 26
arithmetic operations 27
creating 25
logical operations 27
properties 26
sum of squared errors 58
sums 53
SVD 222
convergence 208
least squares 206
SVDRegressionCalculation 114
symmetric banded matrices 165
symmetric matrices 161
tabulated functions 137
TabulatedFunction 237
tabulation 40
Taguchi capability index 220
tiling a matrix 52
time series 61
transcendental functions 44, 69, 181
transposing matrices 63, 178, 188, 193
trapezoidal rule 126
treatment means 144
triangular distribution 82
tridiagonal matrices 164
trigonometric functions 20, 44, 69, 181
trimmed mean 57
trimming data 57
Trust-Region method 235, 287, 290, 291
TrustRegionParameterCalc 128
TwoSampleFTest 106
TwoSamplePairedTTest 100
TwoSampleUnpairedTTest 103
TwoSampleUnpairedUnequalTTest 103
TwoVariableIntegrator 317, 318
two-way ANOVA 145
accessing the ANOVA table 146
two-way RANOVA 156
TwoWayAnova 145
TwoWayAnovaTable 146
TwoWayAnovaTypeI 154
TwoWayAnovaTypeII 154
TwoWayAnovaTypeIII 154
TwoWayAnovaUnbalanced 154
TwoWayRanova 156
TwoWayRanovaTable 157
TwoWayRanovaTwo 156
TwoWayRanovaTwoTable 158
typographic conventions 12
Unbalanced two-way ANOVA 154
unbalanced two-way ANOVA 154
uniform distribution 83
unweighted average linkage 183
upper triangular matrices 160
upper triangular matrix 75, 77
variable bounds 261
variable metric method 249
VariableMetricMinimizer 249
VariableOrderOdeSolver 321, 327
variance inflation factor 116
varimax rotation 174
vector classes 29
vector indexers 29
vectors
arithmetic operations 39
clearing 37
copying 34
creating from ADO.NET objects 33, 230
creating from numeric values 30
creating from strings 31
equality testing 39
functions 41
implicit conversion 34
modifying values 37
properties 36
resizing 37
Von Neumann ratio 61
Ward's linkage 184
wavelet 111
wavelet threshold calculation 115
wavelet thresholding 115
Wavelet.Wavelets 111
web applications 8
web projects 8
Weibull distribution 84
weighted average linkage 183
weighted least squares 209
weighted mean 57
Wilcoxon signed-rank test 159, 168
WilcoxonSignedRankTest 159, 168
XML serialization 226
Z Bench 221
z test 96
ZBench 221